What is Material participation?

Material participation is an IRS standard that determines whether a taxpayer's involvement in a business activity is sufficient to classify income as active rather than passive. The IRS establishes seven tests, with meeting any single test qualifying for material participation status. These include working more than 500 hours annually in the activity, performing substantially all work, working over 100 hours with no other person working more, or participating in the activity for any five of the last ten years. Material participation affects net investment income tax exposure, passive activity loss limitations, and overall tax treatment of business income. Home office deductions can support the documentation of time spent on business activities, thereby strengthening material participation claims through detailed records of workspace usage and business operations.

Related Terms

What is a Real estate professional?

What is Passive Income?

What is a Net investment income tax?

Easily save clients thousands in taxes.

Scan client returns.

Uncover savings.

Export a professional tax plan.

Start Free Trial

Tax strategies to save every dollar you deserve

Instead helps you find every eligible tax strategy, from basic credits and deductions to complex scenarios, ensuring you maximize your savings.

Start today

Tax loss harvesting

Transform investment losses into strategic tax advantages and optimize your portfolio's performance with AI-driven precision.

Teen summer camp counselor contributing W-2 income to Child IRA account for greater annual tax savings

Child traditional IRA

Open a Traditional IRA for children with earned income. Contribute up to $7,000 annually with full deduction, giving them decades to grow tax-free.

Two professionals are celebrating a 10-year service award with related tax and award details.

Employee achievement awards

Award your team for service milestones and safety achievements while maximizing allowable deductions up to $1,600 per employee.

Doctor explaining qualified medical expenses for pre-tax savings and W-2 reporting.

Health reimbursement

Set aside money on a pre-tax basis to pay for qualified medical expenses to maximize tax savings opportunities.

Mom helps daughter bake cookies, showing $2,000 tax savings with tax forms 1040 and 8812.

Child & dependent tax credits

Claim up to $2,000 per child & $500 per other dependent. Automatically maximize your child and dependent-related tax credits.

Person holding HSA file, preparing to complete W-2, wage, and tax statement forms

Health savings account

Set aside money on a pre-tax basis to pay for qualified medical expenses to maximize tax savings opportunities.

Couple reviewing home sale documents with advisor for property at 325 Main Street.

Sell your home

Transform your home sale into a tax-saving opportunity.

Group of professionals in a certification course linking education expenses to 46% tax savings.

Employee achievement

Skill up your team, scale down your business expenses.

Military Veteran hiring approved with tax credit forms and a 46% savings increase from last year.

Work opportunity tax credit

Unlock tax savings for empowering your community through hiring.

Energy drilling site showing equipment, surveys, and contract labor categorized for tax deductions.

Oil & gas deduction

Drill into tax savings. Maximize deductions for both tangible and intangible drilling costs.

A woman and child reviewing W-2 tax forms for family business, showing 46% tax savings.

Hiring kids

Reduce taxable income & self-employment tax by hiring your kids.

Home office

Deduct qualified expenses for using your home for business purposes.

Meal expenses

Business can typically deduct 50% of meals associated with doing business with some cases allowing up to 100% deduction.

Travel expenses

Businesses can deduct necessary travel expenses, like airfare and lodging, directly related to operations for tax savings.

Vehicle expenses

Vehicle tax deduction allows deduction of business vehicle expenses, using a per-mile rate or actual costs, from taxable income.

Late S election

A Late S Election lets a corporation request IRS S corp status post-deadline.

Late C election

A Late C Election is a request to the IRS for C corporation status after the deadline.

Depreciation

Put your fixed assets to work for you by utilizing depreciation to find and compare tax savings in minutes.

R&D tax credit

Fuel your venture's growth and innovation with the R&D tax credit. Not just for tech firms or big corporations.

Clean vehicle

Businesses and Individuals can receive a tax credit for purchasing new eco-friendly vehicles. Individuals may also qualify on used eco-friendly vehicles.

Residential clean energy

Taxpayers who invest in renewable energy improvements for their home or second home may qualify for a credit to lower their income tax.

Augusta rule

The Augusta Rule lets homeowners rent their property tax-free for up to 14 days a year without reporting the income.

Roth 401k

Roth 401(k) lets employees and individuals make after-tax retirement contributions, offering tax-free growth and withdrawals.

Traditional 401k

Traditional 401(k) plans offer pre-tax retirement savings for employees, with companies reducing taxable income via contributions.